Page 34 - 10.Sayı
P. 34
337
Increase
Table 12 Exchange rate impacts on Iranian defence budget
2023
2020
2021
2022
1,180
695
485
Defence budget* IRR (trn)
640
722
775
2,225
Iraq*
76.1
16.5
17.2
18.5
53.0
18.6
Iranian Defence Budget, converted to current USD
28.1
15.4
USD10.36bn
using government-set xed exchange rate (bn)
n/a
Iranian Defence Budget, converted to current USD
7.4
n/a
7.4
6.4
5.1
12.0
3.3
using NIMA exchange rate (bn)
7.7
Iranian Defence Budget in Constant (2015) USD (bn)** 2016 2017 2018 2019 Middle East and North Africa 3,194
10.2
15.0
17.5
10.4
16.0
8.3
11.5
32 Defence budget as percentage of GDP 3.37 I O N 3.83 3.58 2.64 1.70 1.77 2.13 2.02
D EF EN S EH ER E S O F E X 2 0 2 4 E D I T
Algeria *Defence budgets include Army, MoD, and IRGC budgets. Excludes Law Enforcement Agency (NAJA). **Conversions use NIMA rates used for 2018 onwards.
USD18.31bn Source: IISS
ȱŬŪŬŭǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃ defence budget ȱȱȱȱȱȱŮŰƖȱȱȱ
ȱ ȱ ȱ űŰǯŬȱ ǻ ŬŪǯűŮǼǰȱ ūŭǯůȱ ǻ ūŪǯŭǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ¢ȱūǯųūƖȱȱȱȱȱŬŪŬŬȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ Ȭȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ
Qatar Jordan’s defense sector development is also influenced by its relationships with neighboring countries and global pow-
ǰȱ ȱ ¡¢ȱ ūūǯŭƖȱ ȱ ȱ
εUSD9.02bn ers. The ongoing conflict in Syria, for example, has heightened Jordan’s security concerns and underscored the need for ȱȱȮȱ ȱȱ Rafaleȱȱ ȱ
a robust defense infrastructure. Jordan’s efforts to develop advanced military technologies and enhance its manufac- ȬūűȱThunderȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȮȱȱ ȱȱ
Ȃȱȱǰȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ
Saudi Arabia* turing capabilities are part of a broader strategy to address these security challenges effectively. Ȭȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ
ǻūŪǯŮƖǼȱȱ ȱǻūŪǯŪƖǼǯȱ ȱǰȱȱ
Mauritania USD69.07bn
ȱȱ ȱŬŪŬūȱȱȱŲŪȱ ȱRafale
USD0.24bn Furthermore, Jordan’s role as a regional player in defense manufacturing and training highlights its significance in the ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ
Middle East’s security landscape. The country’s growing defense industry has positioned it as a key contributor to re- ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŭȮŬŮȱ
ęǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ
gional stability and a valuable partner for other nations seeking advanced military solutions and training ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ
Israel Morocco Military Capabilities and Strategic Priorities ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǯ
USD22.48bn UAE
ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
εUSD20.74bn USD6.49bn Jordan’s military capabilities are a critical component of its defense strategy. The Jordanian Armed Forces comprise ap- Israelȱȱȱȱȱȱ
proximately 100,500 active personnel, with 86,000 in the army, 500 in the navy, and 14,000 in the air force. Additionally, ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ
ǻ Ǽȱ¢ǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ŲŪŪȱ
Oman the country maintains a reserve force of 65,000, including 60,000 in the army and 5,000 in joint services. This organiza-
ȱ ǻ ŲűŪǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
USD6.51bn Iran* tional structure reflects Jordan’s commitment to maintaining a capable and versatile military force. ȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ųǯŰůƖȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ
εUSD7.41bn Tunisia ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ¢ȱ
USD1.25bn The Jordanian military’s strategic priorities include enhancing border security, modernizing equipment, and improving ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ
operational readiness. Despite relying on older military systems and second-hand equipment, JODDB’s ability to up- Middle East and North Africa
ȱǯȱ
Kuwait Jordan grade vehicles and produce light-armored vehicles for domestic use through international partnerships demonstrates ȱ ȱ ȱ ŭǯűŭƖǰȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ
Bahrain USD7.77bn USD2.25bn Jordan’s resilience and adaptability in ad- ȱ ŮƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ
USD1.41bn Egypt
USD4.88bn dressing its defense needs. ȱ ȱ Ĵǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
Egypt, 2.6% Other North Africa, 0.8% ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ę¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ
Decrease Lebanon Libya Palestinian Authority Syria Yemen * Security expenditure removed from defence budget gure. Iran conversion using tial defense industrial base to becoming a Algeria, 9.7% ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
Jordan’s journey from lacking a substan-
Morocco, 3.4%
regional player in defense manufacturing
n.k
n.k
n.k
n.k
n.k
NIMA exchange rate.
and training underscores its strategic fo- Ĵȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱȱǰȱ
Real % Change (2022–23) [1] Map illustrating 2023 planned defence-spending levels (in USDbn at market cus on self-reliance and modern military Jordan, 1.2% Saudi Arabia, ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ
exchange rates), as well as the annual real percentage change in planned defence
More than 20% increase Between 0% and 3% decrease spending between 2022 and 2023 (at constant 2015 prices and exchange rates). capabilities. The establishment of JODDB, 36.7%
Between 10% and 20% increase Between 3% and 10% decrease Percentage changes in defence spending can vary considerably from year to year, the creation of a dedicated free zone for Israel, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
defense industries, and the emphasis on
as states revise the level of funding allocated to defence. Changes indicated here
Between 3% and 10% increase Between 10% and 20% decrease highlight the short-term trend in planned defence spending between 2022 and training and operational readiness reflect 11.9% Ȃȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ
Between 0% and 3% increase More than 20% decrease 2023. Actual spending changes prior to 2022, and projected spending levels Jordan’s commitment to strengthening its defence spending has been supported by the
post-2023, are not re ected.
ε Estimate Spending 2% of GDP or above Insuf cient data national security. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ
©IISS Bahrain,
0.7% ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ
Qatar, 4.8% ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ
With ongoing partnerships, a growing ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ
production profile, and a strategic focus Oman, 3.5% ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ
on regional stability, Jordan’s defense Kuwait, 4.1% United Arab
industry is well-positioned for continued Iraq, 5.5% Iran, 3.9% Emirates, 11.0% ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
growth and evolution. As the country ¢ȱ ęȱ ǻ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
navigates its complex geopolitical envi- Note: Iran conversion using NIMA exchange rate. Analysis excludes ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ
ronment and addresses emerging security Lebanon, Libya, Palestinian Authority, Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen. ©IISS
challenges, its defense sector will remain ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ
a crucial element in ensuring national se- ɺ Figure 17 Middle East and North Africa: defence ȱ ȱ Ȭŭů ȱAdirȱęǰȱȱȱ
curity and contributing to regional stabil- spending by country and sub-region, 2023 ȱȱȱ¢Ȭ ȱǯȱ
ity.
