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D EF EN S EH ER E D S A E D I S I 2 0 2 4

MALAYSIA

Population
34,219,975 (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing

power parity)
$884.106 billion (2021 est.)
$857.588 billion (2020 est.)
MILITARY $907.832 billion (2019 est.)

AND SECURITY

MILITARY AND ited capacity for external defence. Defence Arrangements and other
In December 2019, the then-gov- exercises with regional and inter-
SECURITY FORCES ernment tabled the country’s first national partners. Much of Malay-
Malaysian Armed Forces (Angkatan defence White Paper; this was sia’s military equipment is ageing
Tentera Malaysia, ATM): Malaysian reaffirmed by the new govern- and there are important capability
Army (Tentera Darat Malaysia), ment that took office in August gaps, particularly in air defence
Royal Malaysian Navy (Tentera Laut 2021. The White Paper identified and maritime surveillance. There
Diraja Malaysia, TLDM), Royal Ma- the ‘three pillars’ of Malaysia’s are plans to acquire new light com-
laysian Air Force (Tentera Udara defence strategy as ‘concentric bat aircraft, maritime patrol air-
Diraja Malaysia, TUDM); Ministry deterrence’ (the armed forces’ craft and MALE UAVs. An air force
of Home Affairs: Royal Malaysian protection of national interests in squadron was established in 2021
Police (PRMD), Malaysian Maritime ‘core’, ‘extended’ and ‘forward’ to operate UAVs. Funds have been
Enforcement Agency (MMEA; aka zones); ‘comprehensive defence’ earmarked for an F/A-18D sustain-
Malaysian Coast Guard) (2023) (involving whole-of-government ment and upgrade programme. Ma-
and whole-of-society support for laysia hosts Australian forces and
the national-defence effort); and the headquarters of the FPDA Inte-
‘credible partnerships’ (involving grated Area Defence System at
CAPABILITIES engagement in regional and wider
Modernization programmes over the international defence cooperation).
past 30 years have provided the Malaysian forces regularly par-
Malaysian armed forces with a lim- ticipate in ADMM–Plus, Five Power