Russia’s state arms export agency Rosoboronexport marks its 25th anniversary in 2025. Established in 2000, the company remains the country’s sole authorized intermediary for the export and import of military and dual-use equipment, overseeing more than 85% of Russia’s defense exports. According to company figures, its current order portfolio stands at around USD 60 billion.
Rosoboronexport was created following a period of fragmentation in Russia’s defense industry during the 1990s, when manufacturers often negotiated contracts independently, leading to internal competition and technology leakage. A state decision to centralize export authority was taken to stabilize the sector.
Sergey Chemezov, head of Rostec and former CEO of Rosoboronexport, recalled the context of its formation:
“In 2000, the situation in the field of military exports was critical. A fundamental decision was made to restore order and introduce a unified state monopoly on military-technical cooperation. This idea was supported at the highest level, and the President signed a decree that laid the foundations of the system that operates today.”
Under the centralized model, strategic decisions are made by the Presidential Commission on Military-Technical Cooperation, operational oversight is carried out by the Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation, and Rosoboronexport acts as the exclusive exporter.
Since its establishment, the company has expanded Russia’s presence in defense markets worldwide. It reports that more than 30,000 contracts have been concluded and total exports since 2000 exceed USD 230 billion. In addition to equipment delivery, Rosoboronexport engages in licensed production, modernization programs, and training of foreign personnel. The company notes that many partners operate local assembly lines for Russian aircraft, helicopters, armored vehicles, and small arms.
Alexander Mikheev, General Director of Rosoboronexport, emphasized the role of operational experience in shaping recent offerings:
“Today most of the systems offered to partners have substantial experience of use in real combat conditions. Our customers study this experience and make decisions based on it.”
Rostec enterprises supply roughly 70% of Rosoboronexport’s product portfolio, including air defense systems, combat aircraft, armored platforms, artillery systems, unmanned systems, and small arms. Rostec maintains a network of international offices supporting after-sales service and communication with partner states.
Looking ahead, Chemezov stated that Russia will continue adjusting its export strategy to global market conditions, with particular focus on Asia, Africa, and the Middle East:
“Rosoboronexport is adapting to new conditions, strengthening its position and opening new opportunities. The experience accumulated in military-technical cooperation will allow the company to continue moving forward.”