The $200-million deal, signed in December 2022, is one of Estonia’s largest defense acquisitions and includes not only the rocket systems but also advanced ammunition, communication systems, training programs, logistics support, and missiles with varying ranges.
HIMARS
The HIMARS acquisition significantly enhances Estonia’s artillery capabilities. The system is a highly mobile platform that can deploy a variety of munitions, including Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS) rockets, Army Tactical Missile Systems (ATACMS), and long-range precision strike missiles.
With an operational range of up to 300 kilometers (186 miles) and extended capabilities exceeding 499 kilometers (310 miles) depending on the missile, HIMARS enables Estonia to strike critical targets far beyond its borders. Additionally, the system’s mobility allows rapid redeployment to evade counterattacks, making it a versatile asset in modern warfare.
Defense Readiness and Cooperation
The HIMARS systems are expected to become operational by summer 2025, with Estonian troops already trained in their use. Training was conducted in collaboration with the American HIMARS target unit “Võit,” stationed in Estonia, ensuring seamless integration of the new systems into the country’s defense framework.
Magnus-Valdemar Saar, Director General of the Estonian Defence Investment Center (RKIK), highlighted the significance of the delivery:
“Developing such a strategic capability in cooperation with our largest ally, the United States, and achieving delivery in just two years is a vivid example of mutual trust and excellent cooperation.”
Regional Implications
Estonia’s acquisition of HIMARS comes amid heightened security tensions in the Baltic region following Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine. Recognizing the strategic value of HIMARS, several other NATO countries, including Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Croatia, have also procured the system to bolster their defensive and offensive capabilities.
In Ukraine, HIMARS has proven to be a game-changer, reportedly destroying over 50 Russian ammunition depots in 2022. However, the system has faced challenges, including reports of Russian electronic warfare capabilities partially neutralizing its effectiveness. Despite this, HIMARS remains one of the most sought-after artillery systems for NATO allies.
Estonia’s Broader Defense Strategy
The HIMARS delivery is part of Estonia’s comprehensive plan to modernize its military and enhance national security. The country has significantly increased its defense budget, allocating €1.34 billion in 2024, equating to 3.4 percent of its GDP—the highest defense spending ratio among NATO allies after the United States.
Beyond HIMARS, Estonia’s military modernization program includes:
- New Artillery Systems: By 2025, Estonia will acquire 18 additional mobile artillery systems and six K9 Thunder self-propelled howitzers from South Korea, increasing its total fleet to 18 units.
- Air Defense Enhancements: The country is set to receive the medium-range Iris-T air defense system, bolstering its ability to counter aerial threats.
- Armored Vehicle Expansion: Estonia plans to add nearly 200 new armored vehicles to its arsenal, enhancing its ground combat capabilities.
- Naval Defense Upgrades: Blue Spear 5G naval missile systems are being integrated to strengthen coastal defense against potential maritime threats.
Infrastructure and Long-Term Investments
In addition to weaponry, Estonia is investing heavily in its military infrastructure. Key projects include upgrades to the NATO-operational Ämari Air Base, part of a €700-million infrastructure development initiative. Estonia is also establishing a defense industrial park, slated to open by 2026, to support domestic and allied defense needs.
The government has committed €4-4.5 billion for defense improvements over the next decade, with €1.1 billion already allocated. These investments aim to ensure Estonia’s long-term security while fulfilling NATO’s operational goals.
Strengthening NATO’s Eastern Flank
Estonia’s acquisition of HIMARS and its broader defense initiatives underscore the nation’s role as a key NATO ally on the alliance’s eastern flank. By developing advanced military capabilities and fostering close ties with the United States, Estonia is contributing to regional stability and deterrence against potential threats.
As regional tensions persist, Estonia’s proactive approach to defense modernization sets a strong example for other NATO members, demonstrating a firm commitment to national security and allied cooperation.